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Renewal after stroke: The role of immunity support

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15 million people worldwide suffer a stroke every year. 5 million die, and another 5 million remain permanently disabled, which is a burden for the family and community [1]. A stroke carries a high risk of death and is called so because of the way it affects people. Survivors may experience loss of vision and/or speech, paralysis, and confusion. The risk of further episodes is significantly increased for people who have had a previous stroke. In case of a stroke, blockage of the artery, known as thrombosis, occurs more often, which leads to the ischemic variant of the disease. A rarer and more dangerous phenomenon is the rupture of a blood vessel - a hemorrhagic variant of a stroke [2]. Infectious complications like pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and infections of other systems and organs are common among stroke patients. Every year 3 million people die after the stroke due to the infectious complications [3,4].
Taking into consideration the well-known detrimental effects of stroke-related infection, effective treatment is crucial. Antibiotics are a traditional approach used to treat and even to prevent infections.
However, recently completed clinical researches have failed to demonstrate a significant benefit of use of antibiotics for preventive purposes among stroke patients [5-8], prompting an urgent need for better understanding the pathogenesis of post-stroke infections and identify viable approaches to combat them.
Immune suppression itself has been recognized as a key factor of the infection among the stroke patients [3,4]. Accumulating knowledge about stroke-induced immunosuppression provides an opportunity to enhance the immune defense and limit the threat of post-stroke infection. Restoring immunity after a stroke is an important and difficult task. After all, the patient's exhausted body continues to be at life risks. The support of the immune system should be powerful and at the same time safe. To achieve this goal, the practicing neurologists and therapists have the innovative Arecur® immuno-corrector. Immune peptides contained in the drug provide the necessary support to the patient's immune cells and assist in detecting and destructing dangers like pathogenic bacteria and viruses [9,10].
And even if the patient is prescribed antibiotics, macrophages activated by Arecur® will help dispose of the toxic residues after the death of dangerous microorganisms. It is also important that the immune peptides stimulate the work of only mature lymphocytes and macrophages, without depleting the precious reserves of the immune system [11].
Immuno-corrector Arecur®, which powerfully supports and harmoniously restores the body's defenses, is an effective tool for rehabilitation after a stroke.
Sources
1.Sacco RL, Seastrong R. Achievements and New Initiatives for Stroke in 2022. Stroke. 2022 Feb;53(2):304-306. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.038326. Epub 2022 Jan 24. PMID: 35073190.
2.Simonetto M, Wechsler PM, Merkler AE. Stroke Treatment in the Era of COVID-19: a Review. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2022;24(4):155-171. doi: 10.1007/s11940-022-00713-8. Epub 2022 Apr 25. PMID: 35497091; PMCID: PMC9035774.
3.Westendorp WF, Dames C, Nederkoorn PJ, Meisel A. Immunodepression, Infections, and Functional Outcome in Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2022 May;53(5):1438-1448. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.038867. Epub 2022 Mar 28. PMID: 35341322.
4.Faura, J., Bustamante, A., Miró-Mur, F. et al. Stroke-induced immunosuppression: implications for the prevention and prediction of post-stroke infections. J Neuroinflammation 18, 127 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-021-02177-0.
5.Kalra L , Irshad S , Hodsoll J , et al . Prophylactic antibiotics after acute stroke for reducing pneumonia in patients with dysphagia (STROKE-INF): a prospective, cluster-randomised, open-label, masked endpoint, controlled clinical trial. Lancet 2015;386:1835–44.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00126-9.
6.Westendorp WF , Vermeij JD , Zock E , et al . The Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS): a pragmatic randomised open-label masked endpoint clinical trial. Lancet 2015;385:1519–26.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62456-9.
7.Hetze S , Engel O , Römer C , et al . Superiority of preventive antibiotic treatment compared with standard treatment of poststroke pneumonia in experimental stroke: a bed to bench approach. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013;33:846–54.
8.Ormseth CH , Sheth KN , Saver JL , et al . The American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-stroke development and impact on stroke care. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2017;2:94–105.doi:10.1136/svn-2017-000092
9.Stoliarova O et al. Study of the Exogenous Peptide Effect on the TGF-β1 Expression-A Risk Factor for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences. 2019 – 7(4): 73 – 78.
10.Kurchenko A. et al. Anti-recurrent Immunocorrection in Gynecology Andrology and Proctology. International Journal of Immunology. 2020 – 8(1): 1 – 8.
11.Panashchuk I. et al. COPD: Perspectives of Immune Peptide Therapy and Lung Cancer Prevention, American Journal of Internal Medicine. 2021 - 9 (6): 248-252